Shocking Hookah-Health Research

[tobbsman]

I found a very new research about hookah-smoking (especially with flavored tobacco/foil). It provides very detailed information and statistics. e.g. amount of harmful substances/carcinogenes and compares exactly to cigarette smoking.
The best and most serious research I have ever read and the most shocking  one, I have to admit.
[url="http://www.bfr.bund.de/cm/216/gesundheits_und_suchtgefahren_durch_wasserpfeifen.pdf"] [url="http://www.bfr.bund.de/cm/216/gesundheits_und_suchtgefahren_"]http://www.bfr.bund.de/cm/216/gesundheits_..._suchtgefahren_[/url][/url] durch_wasserpfeifen.pdf
Thinking about smoking much less in the future ....[img]http://hookahforum.com/forum/smileys/smiley9.gif[/img]
___tobbsman
 

[wyteboy]

it's all in German so I have no clue but I can say there is a conventional wisdom about the nicotine, tar and carcinogen levels in hookah smoke are significantly significantly less than cigarettes...for me that air filter experiment was crazy!

[cypress]

I think the by now most people in here know we predominately speak
english. Over 70% of us in here are American. Unless the poster is
going to translate a language other than English it is pretty much
useless to at least 90% of us.

IF I may ask, tobbsman could a brief synopsis of the facts on this
research. You say it compares exactly. How so. Is it a 1 puff to 1 puff
same exact ratio or is it 1 cig is compared to 1 session. Thanks.

[aleric]

Is there a translated version anywhere?

[cypress]

OK I guess I have to do this for the rest of us. It was a pain in the
ass. I wouls say the translation is about 85% so that should be enough
to understand.

Health and craze dangers by water-whistle-health evaluation NR.
018/2005 of the BfR from 15 April 2005Wasserpfeifen, also admit that
world as eastern tobacco whistles, in far parts are smoked.
Approximately 100 million humans in Africa, Asia and unite
mediterranenLaendern might it daily use (1). Depending upon country of
origin water whistles become alsShisha, Boory, Narghile, Arghile,
Hookha, Goza, or Hubble Bubble designates (2). Injuengster time
region-clearly increased the use of water whistles in the eastern
mediterranen (3). The number of the water whistle consumers in Germany
is unknown with the BfR to this topic which are received inquiries
refers however to an increase spreading among young people.

Before this background the BfR evaluated the health risks, which
of-water-whistle with smoking accompany can. Institut comes to the
result that it use is less harmful hardly than the consumption of
cigarettes. Also the craze dangerist comparably. Beyond that the joint
use of transmission of infections favours Wasserpfeifendie. The few
scientific studies, diezu the group of topics exist, point on the fact
that over the smoke of water whistle to the part larger pollutant
quantities are taken up than over filterless cigarette this applies in
particular to tar and Carbon monoxide. Substanzenwie arsenic, chrome
and nickel also cancer-releasing can in the smoke in high
concentrations prove will. After water whistle consumption of many
years among other things Verschlechterungender lung function and a
increased risk for tumor illnesses were observed.

The nicotine concentration in the blood rises when smoking water
whistles more strongly than after cigarette consumption. Nicotine is
responsible for the craze effect. High Nikotinaufnahmeund the
associated craze danger belongs after today's level of knowledge to
the important problems in connection with the water whistle use. In
order to be able, become to quantify the health and craze danger
further investigations needs. Hierzugehoeren standardized procedures
for the measurement of the smoke behavior as well as that in
particular pollutant contents in the smoke of water whistles.

In view of the increasing popularity of water whistles in Germany
recommends dasBfR to clear up young person not only over the dangers
which are with the smoking of cigarette groups, but also over those of
smoking water whistles.

1 article health dangers by the smoke of the water whistle with use of
tobacco as well as the craze dangers were evaluation-evaluated by this
kind of the nicotine consumption.

2 ErgebnisDer use of water whistles saves health dangers, which are
hardly smaller than diedes cigarette consumption. The danger of the
craze development seems for the consumers that-water-whistles to be
comparable as after inhalation of cigarettes. Additional health danger
developing by the common use of water whistles, since is possible
transmission of infections.

3 Begruendung3.1 Risikobewertung3.1.1 agent to the structure of the
water whistles: About 10 to 20 g tobacco into the tobacco head
gepacktund with a perforated metal foil or a metal filter is covered.
On glowing charcoal is put. The recently used tobacco mixtures
(mo'assel)enthalten usually a higher portion of damp stop means than
cigarettes, in addition will for aromatizing fruits, Fruchtessenzen
and syrups added. With Verwendungder the charcoal is tobacco-put to
traditional tobacco places (`ajami) directly on the dampened. The
tobacco head usually is made of clay/tone and sits on the smoke
column, which leads denRauch into the water container. Over a hose the
smoke is water tank-sucked by and arrived into the mouth of the
smoker.

In the cigarette smoke more than 4000 connections were identified,
from which 69 is (4). A substantial part of the toxicological relevant
connections, like z. B.die of polyzyklischen aromatic hydrocarbons,
develops only during the Pyrolyseprozessesin of the cigarette.

In contrast to the cigarette the tobacco in the water whistle is
burned not directly, heated up lower temperatures and/or smolders. For
the heating will-glowing charcoal uses, which contributes thereby also
to the composition of the smoke.

An investigation of the temperature gradient showed that at the
contact area to charcoal within of approximately 15 minutes a
temperature of 450 degrees is reached. The Tabakim tobacco head is
warmed up within few minutes to approximately 70 degrees and reaches
imLaufe of the use a temperature of approximately 120 degrees. At the
exit of the tobacco head become-becoming one temperature of 60 degrees
measured (5).

The nicotine concentration in the water whistle tobacco exhibits
substantial differences: The traditional tobacco (without aromatizing
additives) contained ten times more nicotines than the widespread
aromatized tobacco with a content of 3,35 mg Nikotin/g tobacco (6).
Cross girder round putting of the basic conditions specified under
3.1.3 was examined the content of the water whistling smoke at
selected pollutants, the results is arranged in that table 1. In both
studies aromatized tobacco was used.

Water whistle I water whistle II cigarette substance use of 10
gTabakmischung, 100 Zuegezu 300 ml with 3 s ZugdauerShihadeh, 2003
(5)Verwendung of 10 gTabakmischung, 171 Zuegezu 530 ml with 3 s
ZugdauerShihadeh, 2005 (7)Verwendung of one cigarette without filter
hoping man, 2001 (4)Nikotin [ mg ] 2.25 2.94 0.1 - 3,0"Teer" [ mg ]
242,802 27,2Kohlenmonoxid [ mg ] does not examine 145 14-23Arsen [ ng
] 165 does not examine 40 - 120Beryllium [ ng ] 65 not examined
0,5Nickel [ ng ] 990 0 - 600Cobalt [ ng ] 70 does not examine 0.13 -
0,2Chrom [ ng ] do not examine 1340 do not examine 4 - 70Blei [ ng ]
6870 does not examine 34 - 85Phenanthren [ µg does not examine 0.748
0.2 - 0,4Fluoranthren [ µg ] does not examine 0.221 0.1 - 0,25

The studies of Shihadeh are as first attempts of a standardisation of
the Wasserpfeifenbenutzungzu rate, details in addition under 3.1.3 are
discussed.

- in the comparison to the filterless cigarette - high the values for
tar and Kohlenmonoxid.Die quantities of lead and chrome are remarkable
are also substantially higher than in cigarette smoke with view of the
tar parliamentary group are to be considered that the tar of the water
whistle pyrolysis-product-represents the product of a distillation
process and practically none to all things, e.g. in the cigarette.
Therefore the water content of the water whistle tar is
substantial-higher, during the content of polyzyklischen hydrocarbons
with 0,93 µg Phenanthren/mg tar is appropriate compared with 14,7 µg
for Phenanthren/mg tar in the tar of cigarette beside phenanthren and
Fluoranthren also still Chrysen, Pyren and Anthracenim water whistle
smoke was identified (7).

With the water whistle smoke in addition substantial quantities Carbon
monoxide become take up to the concentration of hetero-cyclic
hydrocarbons, n-Nitrosaminen, aromatic amines, aldehydes, phenolic
connections, volatile Kohlenwasserstoffenund Nitrokohlenwasserstoffen
in the smoke of the water whistle are appropriate for the BfR none
indication before. Here investigation need exists.

3.1.2 GefaehrdungspotentialDer smoke from water whistles is not yet as
comprehensively examined as cigarette smoke first studies shows
however that cancer-releasing agents, e.g. arsenic, Chromund nickel in
high concentrations in the smoke of the water whistle are to be found
(5). The polyzyklischenaromatischen hydrocarbons phenanthren,
Fluoranthren, Chrysen, Pyrenund Anthracen show that also in the water
whistle of processes of pyrolysis and Pyrosyntheseablaufen.
Investigation need exists regarding the occurrence and denGehalt at
carcinogenic substances such as Benzanthracen, Benzpyren and similar
Verbindungenim smoke of the water whistle.

A study at Lymphozyten of water pipe smokers and nonsmokers showed
that thief use of the water whistle leads Schwesterchromatidaustau to
the increase of the mitotic index (cell division index) unddes as well
as to Chromosomenaberrationen. These result ways on a klastogenes and
a towards-toxic Potenzial (8).

Women, who smoked during the pregnancy water whistle, had a scarcely
two-foldincreased risk (OR = 1.89) a child with low weight (

The effects of smoking on the lung functions (vital capacity, forced
vital capacity, forced Ausatemvolumen in one second) both with
Zigarettenrauchernals also with water pipe smokers one examined and
with the results of nonsmoker-compared. It was shown that the
cigarette smokers with increasing age under one-clear degradation of
the lung functions suffered. Also with water-pipe smoker-shown a clear
degradation of the lung functions in the comparison to the group of
nonsmokers, was however smaller than with the cigarette smokers (10).
Also a new study showed that cigarette smoke impairs the lung
functions more strongly than Wasserpfeifenrauch(11).

Drop reports and drop control studies point out that smoking risk for
malignant illnesses can increase Wasserpfeifendas such as cancer of
the lungs, blister cancer and Tumorender lips (12,13,14,15,16).
Possible connections between Wasserpfeifenrauchund malignant illnesses
of the different organ systems must be clarified in far studies.

Water whistles are used very frequently together by several persons.
One transmission of diseases such as Tuberkulose and Helicobacter
pylori infections was described water pipe smokers (2,17).

one cigarette differs 3.1.3 ExpositionDas smoke behavior with the
water whistle clearly from smoking. Contrary to the 35 ml, which are
accepted as course volumes when smoking one cigarette oh international
standards, a water pipe smoker etwa0,5 up to 1 litre smoke per course
inhaliert so far exists no internationally standardized test method
for the water whistle. Data to the smoke behavior were determined in
two studies one working group (5,18). Average water pipe smokers need
about 50 bis60 minutes for a water whistle. A course takes knappe 3
seconds. Into first Minuteneiner the meeting the course frequency per
minute is higher and sinks then on four courses per Minute.Die pilot
study resulted in an average value of 100 courses per meeting (5),
during those current study, which was based on a clearly larger number
of freiwilligen was and-clearly better documented, a value of 170
courses resulted in (18).

In further studies for standardisation the water whistle use in
particular differences should be considered, which in the use of of
the traditional tobacco (more `ajami)oder at present very frequently
used aromatized tobacco (mo'assel) to justified-be could.

For the quantity of the consumed tobacco only meager data are present:
An Indian study-gives values between 90 and 225 g to tobacco per day
on (8).

The carbon monoxide concentration in the breathing air, which a water
pipe smoker breathes out after Beendigungeiner meeting, was with 16
ppm and thus somewhat lower than with Zigarettenrauchern(19). On the
other hand investigations showed in the blood of water pipe smokers
one portion of 8,8% hemoglobin, which had bound Carbon monoxide, while
smokers, who smoked 15bis 40 cigarettes on the day, exhibited a CO
Haemoglobingehalt of 6,1% (20).

The nicotine admission was examined with aromatized tobacco
(mo'assel), the 3 mg Nikotin/g tobacco-contained, at freiwilligen, who
smoked 45 minutes of water whistle with a filling of 20 gTabak. The
nicotine concentration in the blood took a concentration of 60 ng
Nikotin/ml plasma (21).Vergleichbare investigations with cigarette
smokers after consumption of to two cigarette-devoted values of
approximately 20 ng Nikotin/ml a plasma (22,23) during smoking rapidly
zuund reached for the end of the meeting. The increase of the
Nikotinkonzentrationim plasma was cigarette-smoker-examined during one
period by seven hours with, which smoked three cigarettes per hour.
The nicotine concentration rose von20 ng Nikotin/ml plasma after three
cigarettes to a value of 49 ng Nikotin/ml plasma after consumption of
20 cigarettes in seven hours (24).

3.1.4 RisikocharakterisierungDie data situation does not permit
quantitative risikoabschaetzungen at present. It speak however some
indications for the fact that the use of the water whistle
gefaehrlichist hardly less than the consumption of cigarettes. However
is water-whistle-consumerclearly higher after nicotine admission than
after cigarette consumption. The meaning is discussed in the
consequence dargestelltund.

3.2 further Aspekte3.2.1 smoke habits and craze under students in
Lebanon and Syria the portion of the water pipe smokers is with 25
bis28% (3,25). The portion that smoker inside only in the Syrian study
indicated and-lay there with 5% (3). Only few students (5 to 7%)
smoked daily a water whistle. The consumption took place predominantly
in society, the water whistle therefore in that was rule together
used.

Beside the student collective in Syria also still another group was
asked by Konsumentenin cafe to its smoke habits: In these Kohorte
amounted to Anteilder Mrs. 40% (26). The portion of the consumers,
which smoked daily a water whistle, amounted to 24%. From these
intensive users 44% as addicted after that-water-whistle, while only
1% of the consumers, which once in the month the water-whistle-used,
called themselves itself as addicted designated. Under the consumer,
the daily water-whistle-smoked indicated 2/3 that they smoked in the
meantime than at the beginning smoker career of the daily water
whistle smokers believed 32% more frequent that they could give a
smoking up not-simply (26). For the development of a dependence
further that transition of the water whistle smoking to society speaks
(with friends, family or in the Cafe)zum solitaeren consumption (27).

The portion of the persons, who smoked cigarettes beside the water
whistle also still, lie between 22 and 31%, whereby only 22% of the
daily water whistle consumers smoked besides also still cigarettes
(26).

Also in Egypt the smoke habits were examined, just like persons of
frequent water whistle smoke there older in Syria as younger. A
substantial portion of the intensive water pipe smokers tried in the
past, the water whistle give up-giving up that in vain portion that
smoker inside lay in Egypt only with 1% (28).

3,3 DiskussionIn of the past were practically not examined the health
dangers of the water whistle, did not change in the last five years
this something, whereby remain still question open. There is a set of
reasons for the absence of studies: So water whistle nearly exclusive
in fewer industrialized countries of Asia and one Africa-uses. Further
the use of the water whistle spread also in these countries only
injuengster time again strengthened. In the meantime the portion of
smoking women increased also there strongly. Finally is the effect of
the water whistle not simply zubestimmen, since many consumers smoke
additionally also cigarettes.

It can be stated on the basis the so far available studies however
that also the water whistle negatives on the health can have effects.
To be only insignificant in the comparison to cigarette consumer
lights the health dangers in consequence of the water whistle smoking.
Proven in detail a set of pollutants, which admits from that cigarette
smoke is, also in the smoke of the water whistle, partial even in
higher concentrations than in the cigarette smoke. The frequently
postulated Filterwirkungdes of water (e.g. reference 29) can generally
be classified as insufficient. For particular substances a certain
filter effect may be present. Also - in the comparison to cigarette -
substantially smaller the temperature in the tobacco of the water
whistle is meant not, that thus the smoke pollutant-free.

Water whistle consumption of many years has a set of health to
impairment-to consequence, e.g. a reduction of the birth weight of the
children from smoker inside, degradation of the lung functions and the
risk to get sick with tumors. In denvorliegenden investigations to the
health effects with that-cigarette-smoked, in all cases was still more
harmful always the cigarette smoking was compared as that water
whistle smoking.

With the nicotine admission it showed up that after consumption of the
water whistle higher Nikotinkonzentrationenim was to be proven blood
than after cigarette use. There nicotine is relevant responsible for
the craze effect, is disturbing such a result. As connection must the
study results made of Syria are regarded, which show that among the
students, who smoke only since few years water whistle only in-small
part smokes daily, while a quarter of the consumers of many years
to-water-whistles daily seizes. In this person's group already many
regard themselves as addicted.

The high nicotine admission and the craze danger seem to represent
most important problems of the water whistle use after present
Kenntnisstanddie.

investigation need, which was represented briefly in different places,
exists 3,4 action framework/measure before the background rising
consumer numbers also in Germany: First must be standardized parameter
for the measurements of the pollutant content (so far lie for this
only recommendations from a working group forwards). Afterwards the
pollutant proof and quantification - with special consideration of
Nitrosaminenund other tobacco-relevant substances - must be optimized.

Wasserpfeiferauchens
solltenüber internationale Organisationen, wie z. B. die
Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO), gefördertwerden.



Epidemiological investigations to the effects of the water whistle
smoking should over international organizations, e.g. the World Health
Organization (WHO), promote will.

[mushrat]

I'M BLIND!
I like how pipe translates to whistle. either way, anyone who thinks smoking the hookah is a healthy habit deserves what they get.
 
$.02

[Stew]

correct me if I'm wrong, but the way I interpreted the findings is that
they compared 1 bowl (about 1 hour worth of smoking) to one cigarette.
This kind of comparrison is bunk, anyone who already smokes from a
hookah should know that.

[alen]

good work cypress -the facts wasnt so funny but you really done a good work with the translation

[wyteboy]

a) Cypress thanks so much for the translation!
Hookah is not healthy but am I totally naive to hink it is not THAT bad for you...
c) one puff is not equal one bowl obviously, they should take the amt of ma'assel, somehow figure out how many cigs that would be, then have someone smoke that many cigs and compare that person with the person who smoked 1 hookah bowl.
d) I couldn't really understand a lot of that but I tried!

[mushrat]

a)true...nice job cypress
YES!
c) 1 bowl is possibly equal to one cigarette. Less crap per puff but a lot more puffs per bowl. Cigarettes are made to keep burning even when you arent smoking them to make you smoke more of them. Smoke enough bowls and you are doing comperable damage I'd wager. Math would be able to address that 1st hand.
d)me neither.

[Stew]

I doubt this will have a serious impact on those who can count the
number of times a month they smoke on one hand. Moderation people; may
be easier said than done.

[wyteboy]

so mush thinks I'm totaly naive...
well like I said the plan was to use the hookah once every week or once every 2 weeks and I am almost at that stage now, excited to smoke the AF grape another bowl or two and see if I want it around all the time and the Fumari as well, though I think I know for sure about that..hopefully the AF straw will rebound and be as amazing as it was
THEN I'll cut back big time and relax with it....(yeah right....) 

[MonkeyBiz]

I'll agree with some of the stuff said here... If you think this is
even remotely healthy, you really need to reconsider. However, in the
grand scheme of things you could be doing to your body, hookah isn't
that bad. As the Greeks are fond of saying, moderation in all things.
If it takes more than one hand to count the number of times a week you
smoke, maybe you need to consider a lifestyle change. In all honesty, I
use it primarily as a relaxant. Just something to either unwind with
after work, or to socialize over with friends. 

[Zemo]

So, I tried reading the translation, but it lost me....too
cryptic!  Can anybody give me the highlights, if you read the
whole thing?  Nicotine comparisons, tar, carcinogens....thanks!

[entrailsgalore]

a. smoking is an unhealthy habbit PERIOD. But Smoking hookah is not the
same as smoking cigs no matter what sientific mombo jumbo you try to
push on me.
b.a true science experiement isnt based on just ONE instance or ONE
test....they should get 100 people, have each smoke a cig then each
smoke 1 bowl of hookah and compare resulats and find the average of
all...if I drop 1 alcaselzter tablet into 1 glass of water, and nothing
happens...doe sthat mean alcaseltzer in general doe snothing? or does
it mean for that ONE time it did nothing and that one time only? I
shoul drop 20 tablets in THEN see what happens, garantee dif that first
one didnt work, the next 19 will.

z. No matter what anyone says or trys to say about hookah, I will smoke
it. Do your research, tell me that it causes kidney disease,I will
still smoke. So its a waste of time for people to try to make hookah
smoking look bad, I will smoke no matter what.

[wyteboy]

why would it cause kidney disease? or was that a joke? lol

[SMOKE~N~BUBBLZ]

 
From what i have been lead to beleive, Ma`assel is around 15-20% tobacco and the rest honey/molasses or other (by weight).
So in a 10g bowl that equates to around 1.5-2g.
The average cigerate is 1g tobaco.
By my logic i can not see how smoking a hookah is worse than smoking cigaretes. a single bowl is 1-2 hours smoking. in that time teh average smoker lights up around 3-5 times.
Of course you have to take into consideration teh honey/molasses being inhaled, but by teh same logic the tobacco in Ma`assel does not have all teh chemicals that are in cigeretes (SP?).
So from this what i assume is that it cant be good for you (thats obvious) but all teh hype about it being worse.....i dont think so

[mushrat]

I find it hard to believe that only 15-20% of my ma'asell is tobacco, even by weight. Just looking at it makes me question that number. I may take a 250g box of something crappy I can buy for 4 bucks here, wash it and weigh it as an experiment.
Its worse because the ma'asell in your bowls lasts longer than a cigarette. A cigarette is designed to burn itself quickly wether or not you are dragging on it. The number of drags you get of a cigarette in the 2-3 minutes it will last is a lot smaller that the number of drags you can get of an equal amount of ma'assell, which will last longer, giving you more chance to actually smoke it.
You are inhaleing more tobacco, over a longer period of time, probably deeper into your lungs, that a cigarette smoker over the same time period.
As far as not getting the same chemicals as cigarettes, are you all sure? Some of the ma'asells I've seen, HH comes to mind, looks like it is made with loose cigarette tobacco. I wonder if they are getting shredded leaf from a place before or after it has been treated. Or are they shreddign ti themselves?
Remember, Much of what we are getting is tobacco grown in countries with much looser regulations on manufacturing, so we really don't know whats been done to the Jordanian,Egyptian, or French tobaccos that go into our Ma'asells. Ive even seen some of them brands say they use Virginian tobacco.
Somethign else to keep Wyteboy awake at night.
Rationalize all you want if it makes you feel better though. Just don't be too suprised later down the line. I won't.

[wyteboy]

LOL Mush enjoys taunting me, I think!!
I am gonna go the other way Mush and agree with Smokenbubblez here....First off, we know for a fact there are several HUNDREDS of horrible chemicals added into cigarrets, arseneic, fiber glass, ammonia, etc.  We are least led to believe that these are NOT added into ma'assel.  Based on that fact ALONE I think this stuff has got to be much better for us, even over a longer period of time, than cigs.  Secondly, we know the nicotine level and tar levels are SIGNIFICANTLY less than what is in cigs.
Mush, you said by looking at ma'assel you doubt the percentages...well particularly with AF how heavily coated in molasses, sugar, fruity stuff the ma'assel is, I absolutely buy that there is at the MOST 30 percent tobacco, 70 percent other stuff.
That air filter experiment that showed the two different filters, once w/hookah and one w/cigs is also a big teller.
I know we smoke it for a lot longer, but I think overall it's much better than cigarettes for a lot of reasons.
Ok Mush, continue making fun of me

[SMOKE~N~BUBBLZ]

 
I have a 500g block of dry tobacco that they use to smoke aajami with, its when you soak teh dry leaks and back a behive type shape on your bowl (Those really shallow ones you might have seen) and then place teh coal directly on top, its like smoking a cigar. Anyway teh 500gram block i hace is huge, its like half a loaf of bread. Remember tobacco is just frien leafs, how much can they weigh?
As for being better than smoking, its an ongoing debate and i never claimed it was better but i doubt if its worse.
Also as for teh chemicals, you are right and it depends on teh product you buy. But from what i saw in Egypt they use fresh dry leaf.
Also my brother smoked for 5 years and quit because of serious health problems, he now smokes hookah for teh last 2 years and no problems at all.
but you are right and only time will tell.
Again just my opinion.